To disassociate is to break away from something or someone. When you disassociate yourself from a group, you stop associating yourself with them.
convoluted means complicated, difficult to understand. The sentence is convoluted because it is hard to understand what the author is trying to say.
When you use the word categorically, you are saying that you believe something to be true in an absolute way. It's not up for debate or question.
To delve is to go deep into something. You might delve into the history of a country or the details of a project.
When you are winded, you are very tired. When you are winded from running, you can't walk very fast.
To telltale is to be a sign or indicator of something. When you see a telltale sign, you know that there is a danger or problem present.
Phrasing is the way that you say something. You can use different phrasing to emphasize different parts of your sentence.
When something is overvalued, it is considered to be worth more than it is actually worth. This can be a problem because it can lead to people overspending.